Formal Subjunctive
What is the Subjunctive?
The subjunctive is a verb form used for wishes, demands, suggestions, and hypothetical situations. In English, it often looks like the base form of the verb.
The Mandative Subjunctive
Structure
Uses the base form (infinitive without “to”) for all persons:
- It is essential that he be there. (not “is”)
- They insisted that she arrive on time. (not “arrives”)
- I recommend that he take a break. (not “takes”)
No Third-Person -s
- She suggested that he go. ✓ (not “goes”)
- It’s important that everyone be ready. ✓ (not “is”)
After Verbs of Demanding/Suggesting
Common Verbs
| Verb | Example |
|---|---|
| demand | They demanded that he leave. |
| insist | She insisted that we be on time. |
| suggest | I suggest that she apply now. |
| recommend | The doctor recommended that he rest. |
| request | They requested that she attend. |
| propose | He proposed that the meeting be postponed. |
| require | The law requires that all citizens vote. |
| advise | I advise that you reconsider. |
After Adjective + that
Common Expressions
| Expression | Example |
|---|---|
| It is essential that | It is essential that he be present. |
| It is important that | It is important that she understand. |
| It is vital that | It is vital that they act quickly. |
| It is necessary that | It is necessary that everyone participate. |
| It is crucial that | It is crucial that we maintain standards. |
| It is imperative that | It is imperative that he apologize. |
Negative Subjunctive
Use “not” before the base form:
- They recommended that he not go alone.
- It is essential that she not be late.
- I suggest that you not mention this to anyone.
Subjunctive with “Be”
“Be” is especially noticeable:
- It is vital that he be informed. (not “is”)
- They insisted that I be there. (not “am/was”)
- She demanded that the report be finished. (not “is”)
British vs. American English
-
American English: Uses subjunctive more often
- I suggest that he go now.
-
British English: Often uses “should” instead
- I suggest that he should go now.
Both are correct.
The formal subjunctive uses the base form of the verb for all subjects. It appears in formal writing after verbs like demand, require, insist, recommend: “The board insisted that the CEO resign.” It is far more common in American than British English.