Der formelle Subjunktiv
Was ist der Subjunktiv?
Der Subjunktiv ist eine Verbform, die für Wünsche, Forderungen, Vorschläge und hypothetische Situationen verwendet wird. Im Englischen sieht er oft wie die Grundform des Verbs aus.
Der Mandative Subjunktiv
Struktur
Verwendet die Grundform (Infinitiv ohne “to”) für alle Personen:
- It is essential that he be there. (nicht “is”)
- They insisted that she arrive on time. (nicht “arrives”)
- I recommend that he take a break. (nicht “takes”)
Kein -s in der dritten Person
- She suggested that he go. ✓ (nicht “goes”)
- It’s important that everyone be ready. ✓ (nicht “is”)
Wichtig: Im Subjunktiv gibt es KEIN -s bei he/she/it!
- ❌ I suggest that she goes.
- ✓ I suggest that she go.
Nach Verben des Forderns/Vorschlagens
Häufige Verben
| Verb | Beispiel |
|---|---|
| demand | They demanded that he leave. |
| insist | She insisted that we be on time. |
| suggest | I suggest that she apply now. |
| recommend | The doctor recommended that he rest. |
| request | They requested that she attend. |
| propose | He proposed that the meeting be postponed. |
| require | The law requires that all citizens vote. |
| advise | I advise that you reconsider. |
Nach Adjektiv + that
Häufige Ausdrücke
| Ausdruck | Beispiel |
|---|---|
| It is essential that | It is essential that he be present. |
| It is important that | It is important that she understand. |
| It is vital that | It is vital that they act quickly. |
| It is necessary that | It is necessary that everyone participate. |
| It is crucial that | It is crucial that we maintain standards. |
| It is imperative that | It is imperative that he apologize. |
Verneinender Subjunktiv
Verwende “not” vor der Grundform:
- They recommended that he not go alone.
- It is essential that she not be late.
- I suggest that you not mention this to anyone.
Nicht verwechseln:
- ❌ that he doesn’t go
- ✓ that he not go
Subjunktiv mit “Be”
“Be” fällt besonders auf:
- It is vital that he be informed. (nicht “is”)
- They insisted that I be there. (nicht “am/was”)
- She demanded that the report be finished. (nicht “is”)
Britisch vs. Amerikanisch
-
Amerikanisches Englisch: Verwendet den Subjunktiv häufiger
- I suggest that he go now.
-
Britisches Englisch: Verwendet oft “should” stattdessen
- I suggest that he should go now.
Beide sind korrekt.
Tipp für Deutsche: Der englische Subjunktiv entspricht teilweise dem deutschen Konjunktiv I (Indirekte Rede), funktioniert aber anders.