Aussagen wiedergeben
Direkte vs. Indirekte Rede
Direkte Rede
Verwendet die genauen Worte des Sprechers mit Anführungszeichen:
- She said, “I am tired.”
- He told me, “I will call you.”
Indirekte Rede (Reported Speech)
Gibt wieder, was gesagt wurde, ohne Anführungszeichen:
- She said (that) she was tired.
- He told me (that) he would call me.
Die Zeitverschiebung (Backshift)
Wenn das einleitende Verb in der Vergangenheit steht, verschieben sich die Zeiten “nach hinten”:
| Direkte Rede | Indirekte Rede |
|---|---|
| ”I am happy.” | She said she was happy. |
| ”I have finished.” | She said she had finished. |
| ”I will come.” | She said she would come. |
| ”I can help.” | She said she could help. |
Vollständige Zeitverschiebungs-Tabelle
| Direkt | Indirekt |
|---|---|
| Present Simple → | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous → | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect → | Past Perfect |
| Past Simple → | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous → | Past Perfect Continuous |
| will → | would |
| can → | could |
| may → | might |
Merkhilfe: Bei der Zeitverschiebung geht alles eine Stufe “weiter in die Vergangenheit”.
Pronomen anpassen
Pronomen ändern sich je nach Kontext:
Direkt: “I love my job.” Indirekt: She said she loved her job.
Direkt: “We will help you.” Indirekt: They said they would help me.
Zeit- und Ortsangaben anpassen
| Direkt | Indirekt |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| now | then |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| ago | before / earlier |
Beispiele
Direkt: “I will see you tomorrow.” Indirekt: He said he would see me the next day.
Direkt: “I bought this yesterday.” Indirekt: She said she had bought that the day before.
Say vs. Tell
Say (+ that-Satz)
- She said (that) she was busy.
- He said he couldn’t come.
Tell (+ Person + that-Satz)
- She told me (that) she was busy.
- He told his mother he couldn’t come.
Häufiger Fehler:
- ❌ She told that she was busy.
- ✓ She said that she was busy.
- ✓ She told me that she was busy.
Übungsbeispiele
Direkt: “I have been waiting for two hours,” she said.
Indirekt: She said that she had been waiting for two hours.
Direkt: “We will arrive tomorrow,” they said.
Indirekt: They said that they would arrive the next day.