Passiv bilden (Forming the Passive)
Das Passiv betont die Handlung oder das Objekt, nicht den Handelnden.
Grundstruktur
| Aktiv | Passiv |
|---|---|
| Subjekt + Verb + Objekt | Objekt + be + Past Participle (+ by Agent) |
Beispiel
- Aktiv: The chef cooks the meal.
- Passiv: The meal is cooked (by the chef).
Umwandlung Schritt für Schritt
1. Objekt wird zum Subjekt
- Aktiv: Someone stole my bike.
- Passiv: My bike was stolen.
2. “be” + Past Participle
- is/are/was/were/been + 3. Form des Verbs
- The window was broken.
- The letters are sent every day.
3. By + Agent (optional)
- The book was written by J.K. Rowling.
- The cake was made by my grandmother.
Wann lässt man “by” weg?
- Wenn der Agent unbekannt ist: My car was stolen.
- Wenn der Agent unwichtig ist: The bridge was built in 1900.
- Wenn der Agent offensichtlich ist: He was arrested (by the police).
Beispiele
| Aktiv | Passiv |
|---|---|
| They clean the office daily. | The office is cleaned daily. |
| Someone broke the window. | The window was broken. |
| They will finish the project. | The project will be finished. |
| They are building a new school. | A new school is being built. |
| They have sold the house. | The house has been sold. |
Verben ohne Passiv
Nicht alle Verben können im Passiv stehen:
Intransitive Verben (ohne Objekt) haben kein Passiv:
- ❌ The accident was happened.
- ✓ The accident happened.
- ❌ He was died.
- ✓ He died.
Weitere Beispiele:
- arrive, come, go, sleep, live, exist, appear