Citations and References
Learn how to properly cite sources in academic writing.
Why Cite?
| Reason | German |
|---|---|
| Give credit to original authors | Originalautoren anerkennen |
| Avoid plagiarism | Plagiate vermeiden |
| Support your arguments | Argumente unterstützen |
| Allow readers to verify sources | Lesern ermöglichen, Quellen zu prüfen |
Citation Styles
| Style | Common Use |
|---|---|
| APA | Psychology, Education, Social Sciences |
| MLA | Literature, Humanities |
| Chicago | History |
| Harvard | Business, Sciences |
In-Text Citations
Direct quote:
According to Smith (2023), “language learning improves cognitive function” (p. 45).
Paraphrase:
Research has shown that learning languages benefits the brain (Smith, 2023).
Multiple authors:
Studies confirm these findings (Smith & Jones, 2023).
Reference List Entry (APA Example)
Book:
Smith, J. (2023). Language and the brain. Academic Press.
Journal article:
Smith, J., & Jones, M. (2023). Benefits of bilingualism. Journal of Linguistics, 45(2), 123-145.
Website:
Smith, J. (2023, March 15). Learning languages. Education Today. https://example.com
Avoiding Plagiarism
| Plagiarism | Correct |
|---|---|
| Copying without citation | Quoting with citation |
| Paraphrasing without citation | Paraphrasing with citation |
| Submitting others’ work | Creating original work |
Every citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago) has its own rules. Always check which style your institution requires before submitting an academic paper.